Thursday 23 August 2018

Choosing native tree species for new food forest in Portugal

Although I'm living on my beautiful boat, located in one of the most desirable cruising grounds in the UK, I still hanker after the smell and feel of dirt under my fingernails! The thrill of planting and harvesting, of tinkering with permaculture. True, I love the wild abandon of living on a boat, but I also miss tending a garden!

So, I've bought a little Quinta on the bank of the Rio Guadiana, just north of Alcoutim, Southern Portugal. It's an off-grid haven and a hive of boaty activity. A great place to spend winter when the south of England becomes a little too chilly for living on a boat.

I've been looking for this place for a long time now. Although I didnt know this was THE place. It's a wild little spot...sunshine drenched, and populated by old salties who have crawled ashore from their own boats, to set up farm and put down some roots.

A little piece of boat loving, land loving heaven!

Over the next couple of years I plan to spend the sailing season exploring the South coast of UK and the Channel coastlines, and the winter down in Portugal planting and building, working, loosely, towards establishing a land-based haven in the sun. The bonus of this place...at some point in my future, I can anchor the boat at the end of the garden! How fricking cool is that!

Anyhoo, winter is approaching - which is the primary growing season in The Algarve - so I'm gathering and researching tree species for my first mega planting session. I want natives, drought tolerent, edibles. I want to plant LOTS of trees!

I've discovered the Myawaka method of planting which is closely packed planting, to recreate a natural forest, self sustainable system. Reforestation of native forest - Miyawaka Method.

I'll update the lisy below as I discover new varieties.Please suggest in the comments if you have any ideas or recommendations for species to include.

Ongoing list...

Shrubs/Aromatics
Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) perennial, evergreen, herb, drought tolerent, 5ft tall,
Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula viridis (Green Lavender )
Erica arborea (Tree Heath)

Shrub/Fruit
Corema album - Edible (white and very acidic fruit)
Santolina chamaecyparissus 
Arbutus unedo - Edible (Strawberry Tree) [Medronheiro]
Sambucus nigra (Elderberry) 
Morus nigra (Mulberry) Edible, deciduous, 8-12m tall
Brambles (blackcurrant, redcurrant, Vaccinium myrtillus (billberry), raspberries, brambles)
Goji berry/Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) deciduous woody perennial plant, 1–3 m tall

Shade-tolerant mineral-accumulators, nitrogen-fixers or medicinal 
Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Pea/Bean family Leguminosae/Fabaceae perennial, herb, 1m tall
Oregon tea (Ceanothus sanguineus)
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale)
Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)

Ground Cover
Erica lusitanica
Festuca - Grass, Drought Tolerant, Sandy Soils

Trees
Pinus pinea (Stone Pine) - Pine Nuts/Pinhões [Pinheiro Manson] pine wilt nematode resistant
Pinus pinaster (Maritime Pine) [Pinheiro Bravo]
Cebrus artanica (Cedar) [Cedro]
Quercus suber - Cork [Sobreiro]
Quercus canariensis
Quercus rotundifolia [Azinheira]
Carya illinoinensis  (Wild Pecan)  Northern Pecan


Quercus pyrenaica (Perenean Oak) [Carvalho-negral]
Alnus glutinosa (Common Alder) [Ameiro] -
Fraxinus Angustifolia (Ash) [Freixo nacional]
Corylus avellana (Hazel) - Hazelnuts/Avela [Aveleiro]
Olea europaea / Olea europaes sylvestris (Olive/Wild Olive) [Oliveira/Zambujeiro Oliveira Brava]
Salix alba (White Willow) [Salguiro Branco]
Tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica)  
Dunstan Chestnut (Hybrid of Chineses X American Chestnut)
Butternut ( Juglan cinerea)
Burr Oak
Macadamia? 

Sweet Chinquapin 
Sweet burr oak
Ginkgo biloba - Ginkgo


Castanea sativa (Sweet Chestnut)
Silver birch (Betula pendula)
Holm oak (Quercus ilex)
Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia)
Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) shade-tolerance
Poplar (Populus alba) - fast growing
Lime (Tilia cordata) edible sap, leaves and seeds 
Italian alder (Alnus cordata) fast-growing, nitrogen-fixer drought tolerant, edible sap

Fungi
Boletus edulis (Ceps) - Autumn Harvest
Cantharellus cibarius (Chanterelles) - Autumn Harvest
Craterellus cornucopioides (Horn of Plenty) - Autumn Harvest

Wildflowers
Limodorum abortivum (Violet Limodor) 

Nitrogen Fixer
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) 
White Clover 
Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) grows rapidly, drought/frost tolerant, infertile/acidic soils